The period of Israel’s history immediately following the death of Moses was filled with transition. Israel had to make the transition to a new leader and go into a new land, trusting God would deliver the inhabitants, the Canaanites, into their hands. Joshua was the successor of Moses (Josh. 1:5). He is first introduced in Exodus 17 where he fought the Amalekites at Rephidim. The book that bears his name relates the history of Israel in their conquest of Canaan, the land God promised to them. God’s people had their shortcomings, they often lacked faith, yet they were successful in major military campaigns against the people of Canaan because of their God (Josh. 12:1-24). Joshua displayed good leadership (Josh. 1:16-18). He followed God’s commands, was sensitive to the offense the nation’s sins were to God (Josh. 7:25), and exhorted the people to do the same (Josh. 24:15). With a man as great as Moses passing from this earthly life, the nation of Israel could have been in great jeopardy, but, thankfully, Joshua had been prepared in such a way that the transition went well. Joshua led Israel to follow God. This was God’s plan; He commissioned Joshua, filled with the spirit of wisdom, to take on the responsibilities of the role Moses had filled (Num. 27:18-23; Deut. 1:38; 31:3, 7, 23; 34:9).

Glimpses of the preparation for this transition are seen in the life of Joshua before it came to fruition. His leadership in the battle against the Amalekites has already been mentioned (Ex. 17:8-16). This prepared him for the battles he would see in Canaan. Joshua as “a young man” was a servant of Moses (Ex. 33:11). He remained nearest to Moses when the law was received at Mt. Sinai (Ex. 24:13; 32:17), and did not depart from the tent of meeting where the Lord would speak to Moses (Ex. 33:7-11). Joshua was one the twelve spies sent into the land of Canaan (Num. 13:8). More importantly he was one of the two who gave a faithful report, believing that God was able to bring Israel into the land, delivering its mighty inhabitants into their hands (Num. 14:6-10). For Joshua’s rebuke of the congregation’s lack of faith, they were ready to stone him, but God spared his life from the plague that killed the ten unfaithful spies, allowing him to live to enter the land of promise (Num. 14:10, 38-39; 32:12). This should be regarded as a badge of honor, for that faithless generation was often ready to stone Moses when the problem was their own evil hearts of unbelief.

Joshua spent time with Moses. He displayed the fortitude to stand as a leader. When Moses wanted to continue on and enter the land, the Lord instructed him not to keep speaking of entering the land, “But command Joshua, and encourage him and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which you will see” (Deut. 3:28). We must be ready for transition in the Lord’s church. The roles we fill will not be filled by us forever. Instead of acting like we will always be around, we must spend time with the younger generation who will be our successors. We must encourage and strengthen them. They, like Joshua, must learn God’s word and not turn from it to the right or left (Josh. 1:7, 8). They must learn now to be strong and have courage to lead when we are gone (Josh. 1:6, 9).                   

-Mark Day

God sent Isaiah to faithfully proclaim the truth to people: truth that would make their hearts calloused, their ears dull, and their eyes shut (Isa. 6:8-10). Isaiah’s preaching repelled people. It drove them away; thus, Isaiah asked how long he would have to keep this up (v. 11). God told Isaiah to continue preaching the truth until the cities of Judah are destroyed and without inhabitants because the people have been sent into exile (v. 11). Isaiah was to continue preaching if even a tenth remained for God’s people would be like a tree hacked down to its stump (v. 13). Isaiah 11 shows that only after the tree was felled could a shoot one day spring up from the stump. God wanted His message preached even when seemingly everyone would resist it, defy it, and go to destruction.

When Jesus came into the world to declare the truth, He had a similar situation with certain people to whom He preached. They did not believe Him because He told the truth (Jn. 8:45). The truth was distinctly the reason why they refused to believe. So how was Jesus to respond? Did he soften up His message or offer them entertaining stories instead? No. Jesus continued making the truth known to all. He had already shown that if the multitudes left, He would not chase after them (Jn. 6:66). The few who continued to follow Him recognized, with Peter, that seeking some other teacher was futile, for Jesus had the words of eternal life (Jn. 6:68).

Jesus identified saving truth as God’s word (Jn. 17:17). Only following the truth—the word of the Lord—will make one a true disciple of Jesus and free from sin (Jn. 8:31-32).  Jesus is referred to as the Word in John 1. He is “full of grace and truth” (Jn. 1:14). He said plainly, “I am the way, the truth, and the life, No one comes to the Father except through Me” (Jn. 14:6). That’s the exclusivity of truth: there is no other way. Forfeiting truth to please the multitudes saves no one. Preachers must continue in the doctrine if they and those to whom they preach will be saved (1 Tim. 4:16). They must preach the word even when it is “out of season” and people turn their ears from the truth (2 Tim. 4:2-4).

Those who delight in unrighteousness suppress the truth (Rom. 1:18). Their lives and words are aimed at hindering the truth of the Gospel. However, we must not give up proclaiming the truth for we know that the only way for people to be saved is to come to a knowledge of it (1 Tim. 2:4). Though some may consider us enemies because we tell them the truth (Gal. 4:16), we must continue to speak the truth in love (Eph. 4:15). Some will not receive a love of the truth to be saved; thus, they will believe a lie and perish (2 Thess. 2:10)

God’s word will accomplish what He has intended (Isa. 55:10-11). Truth will thresh the wheat from the chaff, separating those who are honest from those who love unrighteousness. Jesus told us that even family members would be divided by whether or not to follow Him (Mt. 10:34-36). Yet, we must love and proclaim the truth even if all the world turns against us.

-Mark Day

            We pick up where we left off last month’s bulletin article concerning the Phoenicians unprecedented sea-faring abilities. In Homer’s writings, The Iliad and The Odyssey, the Phoenicians are described as a sea travelling people who were associated with the ancient practice of slave trade. Scholars have argued that Homer was just bias against the Phoenicians and that his claims were false. It is interesting that the Bible described the Phoenicians in the same exact way; seafarers and slave traders (Is. 23:1-4; Joel 3:4-6). The focus of this bulletin article will be the extent of their colonies/trade posts across the Mediterranean world.

            The first permanent settlement established by the Phoenicians was on the island of Cyprus, not far from the cities of Tyre and Sidon. Most historians believe that Canaanites (from whom Phoenicians descended) were trading with people of Cyprus as early as 1650 B.C., due to Cyprus’ abundant supply of copper. The Phoenicians clearly continued this trade. What archaeology has found is a major change in daily life and burial practices took place around 1100 B.C., which were not present on the island prior. A common Phoenician burial practice, that of burying an infant in a Levantine jar, has been unearthed at several locations on Cyprus. Burial practices are not easily changed; and these jars being found point to Phoenicians living on the island with the aboriginal people. The most compelling evidence for Phoenicians living on Cyprus is the temple of Kition, which is the largest Phoenician style temple found to date. This was not the only Phoenician temple on the island, but several have been found that follow the same design as temples in Tyre and Sidon. If we consider why the Phoenicians colonized or set up a trade post on Cyprus, it makes logical sense. If your nation revolves around open sea trade, would you not need places to break up a long journey? Cyprus seems to have been the ancient “truck stop” for Phoenician merchants trading around the Mediterranean Sea.

            Crete, home to the ancient civilization of the Minoans, was the next location to be inhabited by Phoenicians. The island of Crete has the largest number of Phoenician potteries in the Aegean world. A large cache of Phoenician storage potteries dated to 900 B.C. have been unearthed at Kommos, pointing to the probability that this site was used as a loading/unloading base for Phoenician goods. More solid evidence for Phoenicians inhabiting Crete is the remarkable Near-eastern metal workings found on the island. Bronze vessels and jewelry from Phoenicia or Syria have been found in several tombs on Crete. One bronze bowl, found at the Tekke tomb, had a Phoenician inscription etched into it that signified the person buried within was the owner of the bowl. The Cretans had their own language, why would they display their ownership of a bowl with a Phoenician inscription? Just like on Cyprus, archaeologists have also unearthed a drastic change in funerary rites and temple design that coincided with the dates of the Phoenician pottery and metal working being introduced. Phoenician cippus, which are stone funerary monuments, have been found on Crete. These funerary monuments have no parallel in Aegean funerary practices, which simply means Greeks did not bury their dead in this manner. Based on archaeological findings on this island, the evidence points that a Phoenician colony was established, and the residents lived peacefully with the indigenous population on the island. Ezekiel wrote this concerning Tyre’s domain, “Your borders are in the midst of the seas” (Ezek. 27:4). Both the island settlements at Cyprus and Crete show the accuracy of Ezekiel’s statement!

-Brandon Foresha

Yesterday I conducted a wedding. I have had very few opportunities to officiate at a wedding. The wedding yesterday brought me great joy to be a part of the joining of a man and a woman in marriage. You see, I performed the wedding of my mother and her fiancé. When I say I was a part in joining the man and woman together make no mistake, God does the joining (Matthew 19:6). However, mankind is required to obey the laws of the land (1 Peter 2:13-14) so long as those laws are not in conflict with the Law of God (Acts 5:29). The civil marriage law, in whatever country or locale, must be followed. However, since God has given marriage to man, it is God that sets the requirements or limitations for scriptural marriage and thus, joins a couple together.

Scriptural marriage is between a biological male and a biological female. It is sad that a person today must clarify this in today’s world. Many would make the claim that gender is fluid and a person can self-identify as male or female regardless of biology. Well folks, there are only two genders, and that is based on biological sex, male or female (Matthew 19:4). Also, this would exclude “homosexual marriages” which are not marriages in the Biblical sense of the word. As indicated at the beginning of the article, God sets the rules for marriage and from the beginning Scriptural marriage is between a man and a woman.

Scriptural marriage can be entered by one who has never been married. Marriage is a great blessing from God to man and the first divine institution (government and the church are the other two). After God made man “the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet (suitable – JDS) for him,” Genesis 2:18. The husband is to love his wife, the wife is to submit to her husband (Ephesians 5:22ff). They are “joined together,” literally “yoked together” indicating they are closely united and pulling together in things in life, whatever may come.

Scriptural marriage can be entered by one whose spouse had died. In Romans 7:2-3, Paul says, “For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband so long as he liveth; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband. So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.” While Paul is using marriage in this context as an illustration that the Jews are no longer under the Old Covenant and can, without “spiritual adultery,” be subject to the New Covenant, he teaches a marital truth. Those whose spouses have died are eligible to be remarried to another being loosed from their first marriage.

Scriptural marriage can be entered by one who has been scripturally married and scripturally divorced. This is the marital plague of our society today. Many believe that marriage is “just for now” or “until something better comes along.” They do not want to believe that marriage is the serious, lifelong covenant (Malachi 2:14) that it is. God has allowed one exception for scriptural divorce and remarriage, “And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery,” Matthew 19:9. The innocent party whose spouse has committed fornication (a sexual act) has the option (right) to divorce their mate and eventually marry another with God’s approval.

God’s marriage law is loving and strict. In the case of my mother and her boyfriend, I could perform their marriage ceremony because their spouses had died and they were free to marry. However, I have beloved family members whom I could not perform their wedding due to the circumstances they described of a divorce which God does not approve. Friend, God’s marriage law is for all mankind and must be obeyed.

-Jerry D. Sturgill