During the reign of Josiah, the sixteenth king of Judah (ca. 640-609 BC), God sent the prophets Jeremiah (Jer. 1:2) and Zephaniah (Zeph. 1:1) to tell His people to repent lest they suffer punishment.

Judah should have learned her lesson. Israelites of the northern kingdom had continued in rebellion and idolatry long enough that God allowed them to be taken off their land by the Assyrians; Samaria, the capital city of Israel, fell in 722 BC (2 Kings 17). The Lord delivered the southern kingdom of Judah from the Assyrians when they turned to Him (2 Kings 18-19). This should have been a wake-up call to desist from their sinful ways; however, sadly, they went on with their wickedness. Judah would be destroyed for her sins by Babylon from 606-586 BC (2 Kings 24-25), a little more than a century after Israel’s fall.

God explained the purposes of punishment for Jerusalem: “I said, ‘Surely you will fear Me, You will receive instruction’—So that her dwelling would not be cut off, Despite everything for which I punished her. But they rose early and corrupted all their deeds” (Zeph. 3:7). God says that His punishment did not produce repentance; instead, they wasted no time in corrupting themselves. God’s punishment was vain in producing behavioral change in Judah (Jer. 2:30). Jerusalem refused to receive correction (Jer. 5:3; 7:28). The Lord proclaimed, “Woe to her who is rebellious and polluted, To the oppressing city! She has not obeyed His voice, She has not received correction; She has not trusted in the LORD, She has not drawn near to her God” (Zeph. 3:1-2).

The wise will receive correction and repent in fear of the Lord, but the foolish harden their hearts and continue deeper in their sin without regard to God (Prov. 1:3-7; 15:31-33). Hebrews 12:5-11 teaches that God disciplines His children. Zephaniah warned of a coming judgment (Zeph. 1:2-18). Judah would be punished by the Babylonians in the days of Jeremiah and Zephaniah. The warnings of these prophets remind us today of the concept of final judgment taught in the New Testament (Mark 6:11; Acts 17:30-31; 2 Cor. 5:10; 2 Thess. 1:9-10; 2 Pet. 3:7-11; 1 John 4:17; Jude 6). When we think of standing before God in judgment, do we fear Him or do we willfully continue in sin (Heb. 10:26-29)?

Josiah, the king of Judah, was sensitive to the word of God; it bothered him that they had not obeyed the words of the Lord when they were read in his presence (2 Kings 22:3-13). Josiah ushered in a religious reform in Judah to try to bring the nation into compliance with God’s word (2 Kings 23). How different was the attitude of king Jehoiakim when he heard the words of God delivered through Jeremiah! The scroll that contained these inspired words was quickly cut and burned by Jehoiakim (Jer. 36:20-26). The hard-hearted people of Judah caused Jeremiah to weep (Jer. 9:1). Jeremiah lamented the death of men with good hearts like king Josiah (2 Chron. 35:25). When so many continue in willful rebellion to the Bible, it causes God’s people to mourn. Christians also lament when one of the faithful few go to the grave (Acts 8:2). However, we know God’s judgment will sort it all out. The faithful look forward to the coming day of God (2 Pet. 3:12) and eternal life (Jude 21).