In Acts 2:42, we read, “And they continued steadfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and in prayers.” Notice how “the apostles’ doctrine” and “fellowship” are coupled together in the sentence by the word and between them and the comma after the word fellowship. Instead of giving a comma after each of these items as if they were simply a list (e.g. doctrine, fellowship, breaking bread, and prayers), the punctuation pairs the apostles’ doctrine with fellowship. Greek editions of the New Testament have this punctuation as well.

The early church engaged in each of these activities. We may readily see how some of these items could fit together. If we break bread, then we will offer prayer to God while doing so. We also view this as fellowship. However, the linkage we may fail to notice is doctrine and fellowship, yet from the way the sentence reads, this association is emphasized.

We cannot have fellowship unless we all continue steadfastly in the apostles’ doctrine. Doctrine means teaching. What the inspired apostles taught in the New Testament is our basis for unity and cooperation. To Corinth the apostle Paul wrote:

God is faithful, by whom you were called into the fellowship of His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord. Now I plead with you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment. (1 Cor. 1:9,10.)

In the context of Acts 2, Peter had just delivered a sermon about Jesus. His life attested by miraculous activity (v. 22), His crucifixion by wicked hands (v. 23), and His resurrection from the grave as the fulfillment of prophecy (vv. 24-35) all pointed to the conclusion that Jesus indeed is Lord and Messiah (v. 36). The crowd was convicted by these words (v. 37). They believed Jesus was Lord and Messiah and that they were guilty of putting Him to death. When they asked the inspired apostle Peter what to do (v. 37), he replied, “Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins…” (v. 38). These are teachings upon which we must agree if we are to have fellowship.

The apostles’ teaching regarding receiving salvation is plain. We cannot have fellowship with those who teach something other than what the apostles taught in the New Testament regarding how to receive remission of sins. If the apostle Peter says baptism saves us (1 Pet. 3:21), then we cannot teach differently. If the apostle John faithfully records that Jesus taught we must be born of water and the spirit to enter the kingdom (John 3:3-5), then we cannot teach another way of entry and remain in fellowship with God and His people. The apostle Paul teaches that we become children of God through faith by being baptized into Christ (Gal. 3:26, 27), that baptism places one into Christ, uniting one with Christ’s death, freeing one from sin (Rom. 6:3-7), that baptism is a burial,  the working of God that makes us alive and forgives us of all trespasses (Col. 2:12-13), and that it is God’s mercy to save, the washing of regeneration (Titus 3:5). We must continue steadfastly in this teaching. We cannot have fellowship with those who teach and practice something other than what the apostles have taught on this vital subject.

Jesus Christ is universal head of the church (Eph. 1:22-23; 5:23; Col. 1:18). No mere man should try to supplant the place of Jesus. After all, He built the church (Mt. 16:18) and purchased it with own precious blood (Acts 20:28). The church wears His name (Rom. 16:16). To exalt another as head or wear another’s name should be repulsive to any who wish to honor the Lord Jesus Christ. The apostle Paul addressed this problem at Corinth when he wrote: “Now I say this, that each of you says, ‘I am of Paul,’ or ‘I am of Apollos,’ or ‘I am of Cephas,’ or ‘I am of Christ.’ Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul?” (1 Cor. 1:12-13). Only Jesus Christ was crucified for us (1 Pet. 2:24). Into His name we were baptized (Acts 8:16; 10:48; 19:5), and there is no salvation in any other name than His (Acts 4:12). Jesus has all authority in heaven and earth (Mt. 28:18). Whatever we do must be done in His name, by His authority (Col. 3:17).

Each congregation of the Lord’s church is autonomous and self-governing. The New Testament shows that a plurality of men (called elders, shepherds, or bishops/overseers) supervise each congregation (Acts 14:23; 20:17, 28; Phil. 1:1; 1 Tim. 3:1-7; Titus 1:5-9), among which they labor (Acts 20:28; 1 Thess. 5:12; 1 Pet. 5:1-4). The NT never mentions archbishops above these local leaders which would make decisions over multiple congregations; it only mentions Jesus Christ as the Chief Shepherd (1 Pet. 5:4) to whom elders, as stewards of souls entrusted to them (Titus 1:7), must give an account in the final day (Heb. 13:17).

While God’s wisdom is seen in each congregation of His church operating independently without human governing committees dictating policy to the local congregations, this does not mean that individual congregations of the Lord’s church never cooperate with each other in the Lord’s work. Acts 11:27-30 records a prophetic announcement that a great famine would come during the reign of Claudius Caesar. The disciples determined to send relief to the churches of Judea. The benevolent funds were sent to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul (Acts 11:30). The church at Jerusalem did not order the church Antioch around. Neither did the congregation at Antioch dictate to the congregation at Jerusalem what it should do. Yet, funds were sent to help with a relief effort; the implication is the elders oversaw the distributing of necessities to the final recipients who were in need. Thus, the elders of a congregation may choose whether to opt into a scriptural work and cooperate with other congregations in the effort.

Moreover, congregations in Macedonia and Achaia gathered contributions for the poor among the saints in Jerusalem (Rom. 15:26; 1 Cor. 16:1-4; 2 Cor. 8-9). From Paul’s statement in 1 Corinthians 16:1, the churches of Galatia were also gathering funds for the saints in Jerusalem. Just because an effort is big—supported by multiple congregations—does not make it wrong or unscriptural. There may be other reasons why an effort should or should not be supported. As long as each congregation remains autonomous, then many congregations may contribute to an effort overseen by elders in a local congregation. Great work that abounds through many thanksgivings to God is the result when congregations of the Lord’s church cooperate to help saints and all in need (2 Cor. 9:12-15). Let us seize opportunities afforded to us to do good and glorify God (Gal. 6:10).